All posts by Tom

I'm the guy who writes the blog...

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The dreaded belt sanderI’d like to take a moment to introduce you to the tool I love to love – and hate.  This is my belt sander.  A Black and Decker homeowner’s model I picked up at a local Wal Mart about six years ago.

Before I go any further, yes, I am quite aware that I advertise myself as a hand tool enthusiast.  It also obviously has a tail that plugs into an outlet.  Many of you are also thinking that there is no place in the fine woodworker’s shop for one of these crude instruments of sound and dust.  Besides, it’s not even made by a ‘serious’ woodworking tool manufacturer.

It’s all true.  This bright orange baby (by the way, I believe it might be bright orange so motorists can avoid it when it’s pitched into a road) uses some of the most diminutive belts out there – 3″ x 18″.  Even it’s lousy dust bag doesn’t work any more.  I used to take the time to put it on the sander, but it developed a hole near the top zipper that just blows dust straight up into the air.  And, it’s a very hungry machine.  I affectionately call it the belt saw, because if you leave it on the work for too long, it digs out one heck of a divot in the wood.

So, why keep it?

Even in its total nastiness, it’s another one of those shop essentials I can’t seem to do without.  Just recently, I was working on my Christmas presents, I had to reach for it several times.  First when I was making the end grain cutting boards.

In my last post, I alluded to the fact that my milling and gluing operations need to become a little more exacting.  So, when I pulled them from the clamps, they were pretty uneven. So, I had to mosey down the street to the local Home Depot, where, much to my surprise, I discovered that Norton actually makes a line of sanding belts in that tiny size.  There were three grits to choose from – 50, 80 and 120, and I bought the two packs of all three grits.

While it did take the better part of a Saturday afternoon to grind the unevenness out of the boards, I knew it was much safer than trying to run the end grain boards through the planer.  With my iPod on under my hearing, breathing and eye protection, I grooved while my errors were erased totally, leaving a perfectly smooth board.  No mean feat, given that end grain is very tough stuff – making it an excellent choice for end grain cutting boards!

I changed grits to the 80, then finally to the 120 for those last very light passes, leaving just enough for me to sand out with the random orbit sander.

Later, when I tried out the Kehoe jig for a set of the photo bookends, the belt sander came out again.  I trimmed the dovetail splines as close to the work as I dared, and then used the belt sander to take them down flush with the board.

Are there better ways to accomplish these tasks?  Sure. I could get out with a block plane and use that.  But, for some reason, I seem to get better results using the belt sander for the heavy lifting and the hand tools for the fine work.

So, I’ll keep my belt sander.  For now.  It does what it does, but it does what it does pretty well.

But, I’m definitely keeping a wary eye on that tool!

Quick Poll

big project in my shopWhile building my new bench, the thought hit me that building large projects are a big pain in the butt.  I would start to work on an assembly, then have to find someplace to store it while I worked on another.  And, then, putting these assemblies together into a more complete project… oy!  No matter where I turned, I was eventually tripping over pieces and parts and I was having some trouble keeping track of all the parts I was working on.

As big as the bench is, it was not my biggest project.  In fact, right now I’m working on a desk system for my son’s room that consists of two huge drawer and bookshelf assemblies flanking a desk suspended across the middle.  That’s a back breaker.

So, this week, I want to know what the biggest project is that you have ever built.  Sure, I don’t have specific measurement categories, but these common items should give you a reference to work with.

[poll id=”56″]

Link of the Week

Southern Pine Council

Typical southern yellow pineMention the word pine to some folks, and they will think of the soft, creamy white wood harvested in the northern reaches of North America and Europe.  However, here in Florida and other southern locations in the United States, tall southern pine trees dominate, and their wood is really something special.

Southern yellow pine is the hardest softwood, has incredible strength and, where plentiful, is a very inexpensive wood to work with.  In fact, Chris Schwarz of Popular Woodworking is a huge advocate of southern yellow pine as a workbench material – even going as far as to build his classic Roubo reproduction workbenches out of the stuff.

If you just can’t mosey down to the local home improvement center to find boards, the Southern Pine Council will help you locate the material you need to build your next project.

Great Jigs: The Four-Faced Tenon Jig

There is little doubt that the mortise and tenon joint is one of the most important in woodworking. It’s incredibly stout and can be found in many different projects as an essential piece of joinery.

While cutting the mortise has its own challenges, cutting tenons can be even more difficult.  First of all, the tenon has to have very smooth faces and square shoulders. Then, you have to make sure you have the length of the tenon exact.  Finally, how do you cut these tenons on long pieces without creating a dangerous situation?

I’ve cut tenons several ways in the past – on a table saw, on the band saw, with hand tools. All did a fair job, but I may have hit on the solution I will be able to use more often than not.

While building my bench, I had to cut tenons on the end of the long side rails.  I wasn’t looking forward to trying to balance these standing on end on my table saw, and trying to push them flat on the table while keeping them square to the blade could prove challenging.

The Tenoning JigThat’s when I went to my bookshelf and came out with Pat Warner’s book Easy, Fast and Accurate Router Jigs.  There, I found the plan to build this.

The jig is insanely simple, yet yields such incredible results.  It consists of a top and a vertical fin – both made out of scraps (11″ x 17″) of cabinet grade plywood.  The top has a window cut in the middle about 4″ x 9″, and a rectangular cutout roughly the same size in the fin.  This assembly has to be square and tough, so I dadoed the fin into the top and screwed it.  I also used some glue blocks on the back side of the assembly to further reinforce the joint.

The next piece is a fence.  I used a 2×4 and notched it so the fence would protrude into the opening but not block the routing action.  Again, make sure this is perfectly perpendicular to the top, or you won’t like the results.

The board ready to cutI screwed a toggle clamp to the fence, which holds the jig to the board I’m routing.  However, I also throw a second clamp on the board, just to make sure the workpiece doesn’t move at all.

Now, clamp the board you want to tenon to the jig firmly against the fence.  Set the top of the board slightly below the top of the jig – you can use a coin under the straight edge to set the depth.

Next, put a rabbeting bit into your router.  The depth of the rabbet will help determine the width of your tenon.  For this example, I put a 1/4″ deep cutting rabbet bit to use on a board with a width of 3/4″.  This will leave me with a 1/4″ thick tenon 1/2″ shorter than the height of the board.  If I wanted a 3/8″ wide tenon, I would use a rabbeting bit that cut 3/16″ deep.

The router base and rabbeting bitSet the length of the tenon by adjusting the depth of the bit below the router base.  I’ve measured on my Freud router and found I could push the bit to cut a maximum of 1 1/4″ below the base – a decent sized tenon.  If you need to extend the length of the tenon, you can use a top-bearing flush trim bit that can reach even further down the board after the initial rabbet cut.

Another key component of this jig is to use a larger than normal base to ensure the router doesn’t fall into the jig.  Here, you can see I’m using a Turn Lock offset router base to ensure that the router stays firmly in contact with the top of the jig during the cut.  You could use an offset base such as this or even build a ‘ski’ type base made of plywood to get the necessary width.

The final tenonNext, you simply rout around all four sides of the board.  The result is extremely impressive – a very crisp, square-cornered tenon that came out exactly to 1/4″ wide on this test board.  It takes just seconds to cut this, and you never have to change the setup.  So, in effect, you can cut dozens of identical tenons one after another in very short order.

And, what about really long boards that need to be tenoned?  Well, you could clamp the work vertically in a vise and climb a ladder, but the beauty of this jig is that you can actually clamp the board on an angle in your vise.  Put one edge on the ground and tip the rail over until the end is at a comfortable height for you to work.  Put the jig on the board with the fence to the top of the work and clamp it in place.  Sure, you’ll be working with your router at an angle, but I had no trouble with this setup as long as I kept the router pressed firmly against the top of the jig.

If you cut your mortise with a router bit, you will have to round the corners of the tenon.  I did this on the rail tenons for my new bench by carefully paring back with a sharp chisel and then sanding the corners perfectly round to fit the radius.

Even after cutting just a few tenons with this jig, I know I’m going to be using it again and again to cut tenons.

Stuff I’ve built: my new workbench

  • January, 2009

Janus, the Roman god of doorways and guy the month of January was named afterThere’s nothing like the first few days of a new year.  All of the new calendars are out for display.  All of the tragedies and triumphs of the previous year are tucked away into memory and the new year is a fresh slate.

No wonder why the month January is named after the Roman god Janus – the two-faced god of doorways, as well as beginnings and endings, who looked backward and forward at the same time.

This year, I’m looking forward to working with my latest project – a new workbench.

Oh, sure, a year ago I was extolling the virtues of Big Ugly, my solid core door on a 2×4 base that graced the center of my shop.  I built so many projects on that bench, and it served me well for more than four years.

The new benchHowever, it’s shortcomings were becoming more apparent every time I used it.  First of all, it was very rickety.  I would hand plane on the bench, and it would rack, wasting most of my energy.  It was also way too light for the kind of work  I was doing.  That was shown dramatically when I was trying to plane some maple for a recent project.  For every stroke on the board, the bench actually rotated a few degrees.  By the time I got the board planed, the bench was at a 45 degree angle to where I began.  The time had finally come.

This bench is a model built with elements of a few different plans.  The base came from the Shop Notes Heavy Duty Workbench plan. It’s a glue up of two 3″ wide boards ripped from a 2×12 southern yellow pine.  The insert is MDF glued in place, locking the legs together into a pretty rugged – and heavy – assembly.

The two rails are SYP, and are mortised in place and held with a set of Veritas bench bolts.  One word of caution – drill bits have this tendency to wander when you drill – so I did have to enlarge the holes for the cross dowel slightly. Even with that slight sidetrack, the base bolted together and is extremely sturdy.

The result is a very heavy, rock solid base that is also longer than the base on Big Ugly.  Not only does that provide more support at the edges of the bench, it also allows me to store more power tools under the bench.  The result is even more weight and more free space on my other tool storage shelves.

The bench edge onThe top is a hybrid construction.  I wanted the strength of natural wood for the dog holes, yet I also wanted a dead flat surface that I could replace if it ever got beat up.  The core of this – going back to our friend Janus – is a solid core door my neighbor salvaged from a dumpster.  It had some surface damage, but was sound for my purpose.  I cut it to a width of 27″ and routed a groove in the side to accept a spline.

From there, I mounted and trimmed a piece of MDF to fit the top.  Again, more weight and, if it ever got too beat up, I could replace it.

The sides are made out of three pieces of SYP ripped from larger dimesional lumber.  Each assembly is 3″ thick by 4.5″ wide – giving my bench a final width of 36″ – plenty big for use as a bench and outfeed table for my table saw.  I routed a mating groove on these pieces and glued them to the solid core door, but not the MDF. Again, this makes replacing the MDF easy should it get dinged up.

Covered for paint projectsFrom there, I bored the 3/4″ dog holes four inches on center so I could use my Veritas wonder pups as a tail vise and bolted my old Wilton vise to the bench.

I finished the bench with two coats of thinned polyurethane and a final coat of furniture wax.  Hopefully, this will help keep glue drips from sticking to the bench during those big glue ups.

And, finally, the most important piece I included on this bench is a heavy canvas drop cloth.  This way, whenever anything needs to be painted or finished, I can put the drop cloth down and save the top from the humiliation of being coated in paint.

So far, I have done some planing on the bench, and the improvement is dramatic.  The bench doesn’t even shimmy when I lean into the planing – a very promising sign of what can be done now.

As far as Big Ugly, well, I can’t let the old girl go without a final tribute.  I am now making calls to some charities to see if anyone wants it as a work table.  If not, I’ll cut the top into a few pieces to preserve her memory, and burn the legs in a fire on a cool night.

Quick Poll

Yawn, ANOTHER set of oak kitchen cabinets...According to the American Hardwood Information Center, red oak is by far the most commonly used North American hardwood. Four out of every ten North American hardwood boards sold are red oak.  It’s the state tree of my former home state, New Jersey, where it grows just about everywhere you look.  It’s one of the most common woods used in kitchen cabinet construction. It’s an extremely common flooring material. Entire bedroom suites are made out of the stuff…

And, sometimes, all that familiarity breeds contempt. I’ve spoken with woodworkers who have flat out said, “Boy, that would have been a great project, except for the fact that they built it out of oak…”

So, in this week’s poll, I wanna know exactly what you think about red oak and its place in your shop.

[poll id=”55″]

Places I Shop – Eagle America

I remember when I was doing a video about how to shutter windows with plywood before a hurricane approaches.  I was given a draft copy of the video while my mom was down on vacation.  As I showed the step-by-step instructions, my mom turned to me and exclaimed, “How do you expect anyone to do this?  No one has all those tools!”

Oh, sure, I was using some clamps to hold a 2 x 4 in place so I could screw it down as a brace, but most of the tools I was using, I picked up at the local home improvement center.

Eagle America's SignBut, when I needed to do more involved work, those basics at the local big box just didn’t cut it anymore.  That’s when you need to turn to a true woodworking supply company.  One place I have had quite a but of success buying from is Eagle America, located in Chardon, Ohio.

I had the opportunity to ask a few questions of Tim Walter, the company’s vice president – and the son of the founder and president.  “We are a family company and everything can trace back to my dad, Dan Walter.  He has always been one of ‘those guys’ – you know, the kind of guy who can fix anything in the house.  He took his love of home improvement and woodworking and combined it with a little marketing savvy and determination, and here we are today, 20 years later.”

Eagle America's CatalogDan, and his business partner and wife Linda, took a big risk starting this little company two decades ago.  With a  mortgage, two young children and a dream, Dan and Linda had to follow the woodworking expo show circuit to make their sales in those early days before a catalog and the Internet.  “I think the fondest memories for me of the startup were just being a part of something new.  My brother and I used to help stuff envelopes and put labels on mailings at the kitchen table at night.  I used to walk to the office after school to help in any way I could.  There was an energy there, an excitement, that made things fun to be a part of as a child.  It didn’t hurt that we also got to travel and occasionally miss school.”  Tim paused.  “Ah, the good old days!  The shows really were a blast.”

Today, Eagle America carries tools, accessories and other sundries for woodworkers of any talent level or interest.  “Production shops are an important part of our business as you can imagine but the majority of our customers are woodworkers.  They may be weekend warriors, beginners, experts, cabinet makers, finish carpenters, or people who simply play around in their shop.  We enjoy novice woodworkers and the questions that they ask as much as we enjoy more seasoned veterans who bring a different level of perspective and critique to what we do.  The sum of all woodworkers and the feedback that they give us make us who we are today.”

Evaluating tools at Eagle America's ShopEagle America spends a great deal of time evaluating all of the tools they sell to ensure that woodworkers approve.  “We have a lot of woodworkers on staff and they are all involved in the product evaluation process.  We even survey local woodworkers from time to time to get their opinions on products before we add them to our line.  Everyone out there should take comfort in this, knowing that someone at Eagle America who is an actual woodworker has seen, touched and used all of the products we sell.”

It’s not only the woodworkers on staff that come up with all of the creative ideas.  Eagle America even offers rewards for new product suggestions that are adopted, developed and sold through the store.  “Our customers are very creative and provide us with a number of excellent suggestions.  Not all of them can be turned into products that can be mass marketed but each suggestion is taken very seriously and those that are made into products tend to be successful.”

The Eagle America ShowroomWhile Eagle America is one of those quintessential family businesses, the ‘family’ concept goes far beyond just those blood relatives.  “Our staff is fantastic. We are blessed with the talent that we have on our team. From our warehouse to our call center to our Outlet Store and woodworkers on staff, the majority of them have been with us for a while which means they can handle almost every question that is asked or problem that may arise.  We take pride in making the customer experience as easy and enjoyable as possible.  If we are not meeting people’s needs, we want to know about it so we can do it better the next time.  That mindset is a part of everyone here at Eagle America since we would be nothing without our customers!”

Even though, as with any business, the folks at Eagle America are there to make an honest profit from selling quality products, there’s nothing quite like the reward of seeing how they can help woodworkers turn their visions into successfully completed projects.  “That is one of the best parts of what we do, seeing the woodworks of art that our customers create.  They use our tools to create beautiful works of art, wonderful pieces of furniture, things that can become family heirlooms for generations to come.  They are used to create functional pieces that simply do a very important job, like making shelving or storage bins for a garage.  Our products are used to solve problems. They are used to express someone’s creativity. They are used to make an idea in someone’s head come to life.  That is amazing!”